Facilitate physical therapy and occupational therapy to optimize mobility, balance, and functional abilities.Provide support and education to patients and families about Parkinson’s disease, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications.Administer prescribed medications to manage symptoms, such as dopaminergic medications or anticholinergics.Monitor disease progression and assess motor and non-motor symptoms.Recognize and assess signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.The following are the nursing priorities for patients with Parkinson’s disease: The nursing goals for clients with Parkinson’s disease include improving functional mobility, maintaining independence in performing ADLs, promoting safety and preventing falls, achieving optimal bowel elimination, attaining and maintaining acceptable nutritional status, achieving effective communication, developing positive coping mechanisms, and educating the client and their family on the disease process and self-care strategies to manage symptoms and improve the overall quality of life. With the introduction of levodopa, the mortality rate dropped by approximately 50%, and longevity was extended by many years (Hauser & Benbadis, 2020). These are resting tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. There are four cardinal signs of Parkinson’s disease, with two of the first three required to make the clinical diagnosis. Initial clinical symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include tremors, subtle decrease in dexterity, decreased arm swing on the first-involved side, soft voice, decreased facial expression, sleep disturbances, rapid eye movement behavior disorder, decreased sense of smell, malaise, anhedonia, slowness in thinking (Hauser & Benbadis, 2020). The loss of dopamine stores in areas of the brain results in more excitatory neurotransmitters than inhibitory neurotransmitters, leading to an imbalance that affects voluntary movement. Neuronal pathways project from the substantia nigra to the corpus striatum, where neurotransmitters are key to the control of complex body movements. Parkinson’s disease is associated with decreased levels of dopamine resulting from the destruction of pigmented neuronal cells in the substantia nigra in the basal ganglia region of the brain. The disease affects more men than women and it’s the fourth most common neurodegenerative disease, with 50,000 new cases reported each year in the United States. It occurs after the age of 50 and increases in incidence with age. Parkinson’s disease, or paralysis agitans, is a progressing neurological movement disorder that eventually leads to disability. Assessing and Monitoring for Potential Complications Monitoring Results of Diagnostic and Laboratory Procedures Administer Medications and Provide Pharmacologic Support Initiating Patient Education and Health Teachings Promoting Positive Coping and Providing Emotional Support Managing Dysphagia and Swallowing Difficulties Learn about the nursing assessment, nursing interventions, goals and nursing diagnosis for Parkinson’s disease in this guide. Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with Parkinson’s disease.
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